vim

vim

overview

Vim 是从 vi 发展出来的一个文本编辑器。代码补全、编译及错误跳转等方便编程的功能特别丰富，在程序员中被广泛使用。

简单的来说，vi 是老式的字处理器，不过功能已经很齐全了，但是还是有可以进步的地方。vim 则可以说是程序开发者的一项很好用的工具

table

normal:

mode	command	description
normal	i	insert, insert mode before the cursor
normal	I	Insert, Insert mode at the beginning of the line
normal	a	append, insert mode after the cursor
normal	A	Append, insert mode at the end of the line
normal	o	open a new line, insert mode on the next line
normal	O	Open ane new line, insert mode on the previous line
normal	h	move cursor left
normal	j	move cursor down
normal	k	move cursor up
normal	l	move cursor right
normal	w	move cursor to the beginning of the next word
normal	e	move cursor to the end of the next word
normal	b	back, move cursor to the beginning of the previous word
normal	[number]G	move cursor to the number line, default to the end of the file
normal	[number]gg	move cursor to the number line, default to the beginning of the file
normal	x	delete character under the cursor
normal	dd	delete the line
normal	dw	delete the word under the cursor
normal	cw	change the word under the cursor, enter insert mode

| normal | u | undo | | normal | Ctrl + r | redo | | normal | yw | yank, copy the word | | normal | yy | yank, copy the line | | normal | p | paste | | normal | . | repeat the last command | | normal | ci{ | change the content inside the {}, and insert | | normal | ci[ | change the content inside the [], and insert | | normal | ci( | change the content inside the (), and insert | | normal | ci' | change the content inside the '', and insert | | normal | ci" | change the content inside the "", and insert | | normal | Ctrl + o | jump to the previous position | | normal | Ctrl + i | jump to the next position | | normal | Ctrl + u | move the screen up | | normal | Ctrl + d | move the screen down | | normal | Ctrl + e | move the screen up | | normal | Ctrl + y | move the screen down | | normal | Ctrl + b | move the screen up | | normal | Ctrl + f | move the screen down | | normal | Ctrl + d | move the screen down | | normal | Ctrl + g | show the file information | | normal | Ctrl + v + [movement] | visual block mode |

insert mode:

:(command line mode):

mode	command	description
:	:w	write, save the file
:	:q	quit, close the file
:	:q!	quit, close the file without saving
:	:wq	write and quit, save the file and close the file
:	:/pattern	search the pattern
:	:%s/old_chars/new_chars/g	substitute, replace the old with the new in global
:	:e!	edit, reload the file
:	:set nu	set, show the line number
:	:set nonu	set, hide the line number
:	:set ts=4	set, set the tabstop to 4

visual mode:

settings:

~/.vimrc

syntax on # 语法高亮
set ts=4 # tabstop
set expandtab # tab转换为空格
set autoindent # 自动缩进
set number # 显示行号
# set relativenumber # 显示相对行号

Basics vim

Introduction to Vim Modes

The first key vim concept to understand is modes.

You can switch between two primary modes: normal mode and insert mode to perform different actions.

• Normal Mode

  Used for:

  • Moving the cursor
  • Deleting characters, words, lines, etc
  • Performing operations like Copy / Paste

• Insert Mode

Used for editing and inserting text.

You can think of insert mode as the default behavior in the editors you are already used to.

Pressing the same key can have different effects depending on which mode you are in. For example:

• the w key in normal mode moves the cursor forward one word
• the w key in insert mode types the character “w”

In the next few lessons, you will learn the basics of each mode and how to switch between them.

Basics Movement

While in normal mode you have access to many powerful motions to help you navigate through code.

Let’s start by learning the basics. Use the hjkl keys as indicated below to move one character in any direction.

• h moves the cursor one character to the left, suggest pointer finger
• j moves the cursor down one line, suggest pointer finger
• k moves the cursor up one line, suggest middle finger
• l moves the cursor one character to the right, suggest ring finger

# Why not use the arrow keys?

Vim is about efficiency, which means staying as close as possible to the home row keys.
Vim 是关于效率的，这意味着尽可能靠近主行键。

The arrow keys are intuitive, but using them requires you to move your right hand completely away from the home row keys. This is inefficient.
箭头键很直观，但使用它们需要您将右手完全远离主行键。这是低效的。

# Where should I rest my fingers?

You should rest with your fingers on the home row keys, even though this makes your right index finger responsible for hitting both h and j keys.
您应该将手指放在主行键上，即使这会使您的右手食指负责敲击键 h 和 j 键。

Your right hand fingers should rest on j k l;

Your left hand fingers should rest on a s d f.

Moving With Words

It is useful to navigate by word to travel medium distances, since all statements in a program are composed of words.
通过单词导航以移动中等距离很有用，因为程序中的所有语句都是由单词组成的。

• w --- move to the next word
• e --- move to the end of a word
• b --- move back a word

Insert Mode

So far you have learned how to move in normal mode. In order to edit text, you will need to enter insert mode. 到目前为止，您已经学会了如何在正常模式下移动。为了编辑文本，您需要进入插入模式。

E37: No write since last change
E162: No write since change for buffer ”.\test\readme.md”
Press ENTER or type command to continue

since
    prep.自...以后;自...以来;何曾(气愤);什么时候
    conj.因为;由于;自...以来;在...以后;既然
    adv.自...以后,自...以来;此后;后来
    n.(法、美)新斯(人名)
    net.自从;既然;因为
buffer
    n.缓冲;缓存
    v.保护;缓解,缓冲;存储;缓存
    net.缓冲器
press
    n.压平器;印刷;商业压力;新闻报道;新闻工作者;拥挤;推举
    v.压,挤,推,贴,按;压制(唱片);前进,推进;坚持;敦促;推举
type
    n.类型,种类;典型;榜样;字体;象征;标本
    v.打字;测定...类型
No write since last change
    (自从上次更改后)没有写入
No write since last change for bufer "$file path$"
    (自上次更改缓存"xxx.md"以来)，没有再写入
Press ENTER or type command to continue
    按ENTER或键入命令继续